#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
const ll MOD=998244353;
const ll N=100001;
ll dp[1000001],dpp[1000001];
inline ll read(){
	ll r=0,z=1;
	char ch=getchar();
	while(ch<'0' && ch>'9'){
		if(ch=='-')    z=-1;
		ch=getchar();
	}
	while(ch>='0' && ch<='9'){
	    r=r*10+ch-'0';
	    ch=getchar();
	}
	return r*z;
}
int main(){
	ll T,n,k;
	T=read();
	dp[1]=8,dpp[1] = 1;
	for(ll i=2;i<=N;i++)
	{
		dp[i]=dp[i-1]*9+dpp[i-1];
		dpp[i]=dpp[i-1]*9+dp[i-1];
		dp[i]%=MOD;
		dpp[i]%=MOD;
	}
	while(T--){
		n=read();
		k=read();
		if(n==1){
		    puts("9"); 
		    continue;
		}
		printf("%lld\n",dp[n]%MOD);
        continue;
	}
	return 0;
}