#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
int main() {
    ll T;
    cin >> T;

    while (T--) {
        ll n, x;
        cin >> n >> x;

        ll a1 = x / pow(2, n-2);
        ll an = pow(2, n-2) * a1;

        cout << an << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}